Forward and reverse load match E LF, E LR.Forward and reverse reflection tracking E RF, E RR.Forward and reverse directivity E DF, E DR.A 12-term error correction like the one implemented with a two-port TRM calibration corrects for the following systematic error terms: Since the systematic errors can be measured, however, they can also be corrected using calibration standards. They introduce most of the measurement uncertainties. The systematic errors that occur during microwave measurements are those that are repeatable and can be measured by a network analyzer. The TRM calibration technique establishes the 12-term error correction for each frequency point. 2-3 The name TRM represents the three standards that are used in the calibration - thru, reflect and match. 2 The TRM offers equivalent accuracy and has the advantage that fewer and simpler standards are required. The TRM calibration is an alternative to the traditional two-port error correction that uses short, open, load and thru standards (SOLT). Its performance is comparable to an SMA connector up to 12.4 GHz. Although the ZMA connector can be optimized to work up to 22 GHz, current requirements ask for a calibration kit up to X-band. The ZMA interface is a high coupling force bayonet connector used in microwave applications. The design was performed with the aid of Ansoft HFSS simulation software to characterize and optimize the calibration standards. This article discusses the design of a TRM calibration kit for the ZMA interface.
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